State · North

Punjab

State profile

🌾Fun factPunjab has among India's highest wheat yields per hectare — the country's 'granary'.

Factsheet

Capital: Chandigarh
Language(s): Punjabi
Formed: 1966
Area: 50,362 km²
Districts: 23
Head (2025): Bhagwant Mann
State animal: 🐾 Blackbuck
State bird: 🐦 Northern goshawk (Baz)
State flower: 🌸 Gladiolus
State tree: 🌳 Shisham

Report Card

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SDG India Index

76

#7 of 36India: 71

NITI Aayog· 2023-24

Economy

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Per-Capita NSDP

₹1.82 L

#19 of 33

MoSPI· 2022-23

Unemployment Rate

5.5%

#26 of 36India: 3.2%

Labour Force Participation

55.7%

#28 of 36India: 60.1%

Healthcare

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Infant Mortality Rate

18 per 1,000

#7 of 22India: 28 per 1,000

Life Expectancy at Birth

72.7 yrs

#5 of 21India: 70.0 yrs

Total Fertility Rate

1.6

#26 of 35India: 2.0

NFHS-5· 2019-21

Institutional Births

94.9%

#12 of 35India: 88.6%

NFHS-5· 2019-21

Child Stunting (under 5)

24.5%

#6 of 35India: 35.5%

NFHS-5· 2019-21

Full Immunisation (12-23 mo)

89.9%

#2 of 31India: 76.4%

NFHS-5· 2019-21

Education

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Literacy Rate

75.8%

#20 of 35India: 74.0%

Census 2011· 2011

Female Literacy Rate

70.7%

#16 of 34India: 65.5%

Census 2011· 2011

Higher Education GER

27.4%

#20 of 36India: 28.4%

AISHE· 2021-22

Law & Order

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IPC Crime Rate

142.9 per lakh

#10 of 36India: 258.1 per lakh

Crimes Against Women Rate

38.4 per lakh

#12 of 36India: 66.4 per lakh

Government Budget

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Debt-to-GSDP Ratio

46.5%

#29 of 31India: 28.1%

Demographics

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Population

2,77,43,338

#16 of 36India: 1,21,08,54,977

Census 2011· 2011

Sex Ratio

895 per 1,000 men

#28 of 36India: 943 per 1,000 men

Census 2011· 2011

Urban Population Share

37.5%

#15 of 35India: 31.2%

Census 2011· 2011

Decadal Population Growth

13.9%

#24 of 34India: 17.7%

Census 2011· 2011

Infrastructure

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Electricity Access

99.9%

#2 of 31India: 96.8%

NFHS-5· 2019-21

Improved Sanitation

92.9%

#7 of 31India: 70.2%

NFHS-5· 2019-21

Clean Cooking Fuel

88.6%

#6 of 31India: 58.6%

NFHS-5· 2019-21

Agriculture

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Agriculture Share of GSVA

27.1%

#6 of 33

MoSPI· 2022-23

Foodgrain Yield

4,470 kg/ha

#2 of 35India: 2,494 kg/ha

DA&FW· 2022-23

Net Irrigated Area

99.3%

#1 of 30India: 56.4%

DA&FW· 2022-23

Average Landholding Size

3.62 ha

#2 of 34India: 1.08 ha

Agri Census· 2015-16

Sports

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Khelo India Medals

44

#8 of 33

Khelo India· 2025

Tourism

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Domestic Tourist Visits

3,57,08,000

#15 of 36India: 2,50,96,27,000

Ministry of Tourism· 2023

Foreign Tourist Visits

7,42,000

#8 of 36India: 1,92,46,000

Ministry of Tourism· 2023